Guldbro öresund
The strait has a length of kilometres 73 mi ; its width varies from 4 kilometres 2. The narrowest point is between Helsingør in Denmark and Helsingborg in Sweden. Øresund, along with the Great Beltthe Little Belt and the Kiel Canalis one of four waterways that connect the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via KattegatSkagerrakand the North Sea ; this makes it one of the busiest waterways in the world.
The Øresund Bridgebetween the Danish capital Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmöinaugurated on guldbro öresund Julyconnects a bi-national metropolitan area with close to 4 million inhabitants.
Øresund is a geologically young strait that formed 8,—8, years ago as a result of rising sea levels. Previously, the Ancylus Lakea fresh-water body occupying the Baltic basinhad been connected to the sea solely via the Great Belt. The incursion of salt water via Øresund marked the beginning of the modern Baltic Sea as a salt-water body. The name is first attested on a runestone dated to ca.
Ør is the modern form of the old Norse word aur meaning a gravel beach or shoal see also ayreoften forming a spit. Such landforms are common in the area and "ör" is found in the names of many places along the strait, e. The northern boundary between Øresund and Kattegat is a line which goes from Gilleleje at Zealand's northern peak to the westernmost point of Kullaberg Kullen's Lighthouse at the smaller peninsula north of Helsingborgknown as Kullahalvön.
In the south, the boundary towards the Baltic Sea starts at Stevns Klintat the westernmost peak of the peninsula just south guldbro öresund Køge BayStevns Peninsula to Guldbro öresund at the Falsterbo peninsula. Its eastern boundary is the Swedish coastline; to the west Amager may be considered part of Øresund in which case it is the largest island or a part of Zealand.
Amager has eight connections with Zealand two street bridges, a road bridge, a motorway bridge, guldbro öresund dual-track railway tunnel, an underground metro and a bicycle bridge as well as a combined motorway and dual track railway to Scania and Sweden. Øresund, like other Danish and Danish-German straits, is at the border between oceanic salt water which has a salinity of more than 30 PSU or per mille by weight and the far less salty Baltic Sea.
As the Kattegat in the north has almost oceanic conditions and the Baltic Sea around 7 PSU, in its main basin has brackish water, Øresund's water conditions are rather unusual and shifting. The streams are very complex, but the surface stream is often northbound from the Baltic Sea which gives a lower surface salinity, though streams can change from one day to another.
A short history of the Oresund Bridge
Near the seafloor guldbro öresund the sea is deep enoughconditions are more stable and salinity is always oceanic above 30 PSU below a certain depth that varies between 10 and 15 metres. In the southern part, however, the depth is 5—6 metres outside the rather narrow waterways Drogden guldbro öresund Flintrännanand this is the definite border of oceanic salt water, therefore also a border for many maritime species of animals.
Only 52 known salt-water species reside in the central Baltic Sea, compared to around in the North Sea. Close to species are known to exist in at least some part of Øresund. Well-known examples, for which the bottom salinity makes a distinct breeding border, include lobster, small crabs Carcinus maenasseveral species of flatfish and the lion's mane jellyfish ; the latter can sometimes drift into the southwest Baltic Sea, but it cannot reproduce there.
There are daily tides, but the lunar attraction cannot force much water to move from west to east, or vice versa, in narrow waters where the current is either northbound or southbound. So, not much of the difference in water levels in Øresund is due to daily tides, and other circumstances "hide" the little tide that still remains. The current has a much stronger effect than the tide on the water level, but strong winds may also affect the water level.
During exceptional conditions, such as storms and hurricanes, oceanic water may suddenly flow into the Baltic Sea at all depths.
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Such events give deep waters in the southern Baltic Sea higher guldbro öresund, which makes it possible for cod to breed there. If no such inflow of oceanic water to the Baltic Sea occurs for around a decade, the breeding of cod becomes endangered. Political control of Øresund has been an important issue in Danish and Swedish history. Denmark maintained military control with the coastal fortress of Kronborg at Elsinore on the west side and Kärnan at Helsingborg on the east, until the eastern shore was ceded to Sweden inbased on the Treaty of Roskilde.
The Øresund Bridge: Fastest Way Over Øresund - Øresundsbron
Both fortresses are located where the strait is guldbro öresund kilometres wide. InKing Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues which remained in effect for more than four centuries, until Transitory dues on the use of waterways, roads, bridges and crossings were then an accepted way of taxing which could constitute a great part of a state's income.
The Strait Dues remained the most important source of income for the Danish Crown for several centuries, thus making Danish kings relatively independent of Denmark's privy council and aristocracy. To be independent of the Øresund, Sweden carried out two great projects: the foundation of Gothenburg in and the construction of the Göta Canal from to The Copenhagen Convention of abolished the Dues and made the Danish straits an international waterway.
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A fixed connection was opened across the strait inthe Øresund Bridge. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item.