Satellit användningsområden
A satellite or artificial satellite [ a ] is an object, typically a spacecraftplaced into orbit around a celestial body. They have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecastingnavigation GPSbroadcastingscientific research, and Earth observation. Additional military uses are reconnaissance, early warningsignals intelligence and, potentially, weapon delivery.
Other satellites include the final rocket stages that place satellites in orbit and formerly useful satellites that later become defunct. Except for passive satellitesmost satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotope thermoelectric generators RTGs. Most satellites also have a method of communication to ground stationscalled transponders.
Satellit användningsområden satellites use a standardized bus to save cost and work, the most popular of which are small CubeSats. Similar satellites can work together as groups, forming constellations.
Satelliten - Tekniska museet
Because of the high launch cost to space, most satellites are designed to be as lightweight and robust as possible. Most communication satellites are radio relay stations in orbit and carry dozens of transponders, each with a bandwidth of tens of megahertz. Satellites are placed from the surface to the orbit by launch vehicleshigh enough to avoid orbital decay by the atmosphere.
Satellites can then change or maintain the orbit by propulsionusually by chemical or ion satellit användningsområden. Some imaging satellites chose a Sun-synchronous orbit because they can scan the entire globe with similar lighting.
Olika typer av satelliter - Geostationära och polära - SMHI
As the number of satellites and space debris around Earth increases, the threat of collision has become more severe. Satellit användningsområden small number of satellites orbit other bodies such as the MoonMarsand the Sun or many bodies at once two for a halo orbitthree for a Lissajous orbit. Earth observation satellites gather information for reconnaissancemappingmonitoring the weatherocean, forest, etc.
Space telescopes take advantage of outer space's near perfect vacuum to observe objects with the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Satelliten
Because satellites can see a large portion of the Earth at once, communications satellites can relay information to remote places. The signal delay from satellites and their orbit's predictability are used in satellite navigation systems, such as GPS. Space probes are satellites designed for robotic space exploration outside of Earth, and space stations are in essence crewed satellites.
The first artificial satellite launched into the Earth's orbit was the Soviet Union 's Sputnik 1on October 4, As of December 31,there are 6, operational satellites in the Earth's orbit, of which 4, belong to the United States 3, commercialbelong to China, belong to Russia, and 1, belong to other nations. The first published mathematical study of the possibility of an artificial satellite was Satellit användningsområden cannonballa thought experiment by Isaac Newton satellit användningsområden explain the motion of natural satellitesin his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica The first fictional depiction of a satellite being launched into orbit was a short story by Edward Everett Hale" The Brick Moon " InKonstantin Tsiolkovsky — published Exploring Space Using Jet Propulsion Deviceswhich was the first academic treatise on the use of rocketry to launch spacecraft.
He calculated the orbital speed required for a minimal orbit, and inferred that a multi-stage rocket fueled by liquid propellants could achieve this.
Vad Använder man Satelliter till? Översikt över
Herman Potočnik explored the idea of using orbiting spacecraft for detailed peaceful and military observation of the ground in his book, The Problem of Space Travel. He described how the special conditions of space could be useful for scientific experiments. The book described geostationary satellites first put forward by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and discussed the communication between them and the ground using radio, but fell short with the idea of using satellites for mass broadcasting and as telecommunications relays.
Clarke described in detail the possible use of communications satellites for mass communications. He suggested that three geostationary satellites would provide coverage over the entire planet. Project RAND eventually released the report, but considered the satellite to be a tool for science, politics, and propaganda, rather than a potential military weapon.
InAmerican theoretical astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer proposed an orbiting space telescope. Kallmann and W. The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October under the Sputnik programwith Sergei Korolev as chief designer. Sputnik 1 helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers through measurement of its orbital change and provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere.
The unanticipated announcement of Sputnik 1's success precipitated the Sputnik crisis in the United States and ignited the so-called Space Race within the Cold War. In the satellit användningsområden of activities planned satellit användningsområden the International Geophysical Year —the White House announced on 29 July that the U. This became known as Project Vanguard.
On 31 July, the Soviet Union announced its intention to launch a satellite by the fall of Sputnik 2 was launched on 3 November and carried the first living passenger into orbit, a dog named Laika. The army used the Jupiter C rocketwhile the civilian—Navy program used the Vanguard rocket to launch a satellite. Explorer 1 became the United States' first artificial satellite, on 31 January In Junethree and a half years after the launch of Sputnik 1, the United States Space Surveillance Network cataloged Earth-orbiting satellites.
While Canada was the third country to build a satellite which was launched into space, satellit användningsområden 16 ] it was launched aboard an American rocket from an American spaceport.